Introduction Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal genetic disorder in which men and persons assigned male at birth have an extra X chromosome in their genetic code. In a physiologically normal male, there are 46 chromosomes (46, XY). However, individuals with Klinefelter syndrome a total of 47 chromosomes (47, XXY). It is also referred to as… Read More »

Definition & Overview The term NSAIDs stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They are a class of non-opioid analgesic medications that are primarily used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. Ibuprofen and aspirin are some of the most commonly known examples.   NSAIDS come as: Tablets. Gels. Creams. Capsules.’ Suppositories. Injections. Dosages of these drugs are… Read More »

Introduction Physiologically, body fluids usually have their pH regulated and kept between a range of 7.35-7.45. Metabolic acidosis is an acid-base disorder characterized by acidemia-  pH is kept below the lower normal limit of 7.35. This happens when there is a build up of acids within the body fluids. This condition is not contagious and… Read More »

Introduction The body fluids such as blood have a pH maintained within the normal range of 7.35-7.45. Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder where the pH is raised beyond the upper normal limit (7.45). It happens due to increases in bicarbonate ion concentration. Metabolic alkalosis happens due to accumulation of bicarbonate ions in the body.… Read More »

Overview DIABETES INSIPIDUS is a rare medical condition in which there is excessive production of urine and the body becomes unable to retain fluids. It is characterized by feelings of intense thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria). There are various kinds of diabetes insipidus. This article covers several areas about diabetes insipidus.    Key Facts… Read More »

Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is a painless non-invasive medical procedure that uses strong magnetic field and radio waves to produce very clear images of internal body organs and structures. Strong magnetic and radio waves are used by this imaging technology to create three dimensional detailed anatomical images.   Facts & Figures Key facts… Read More »

Overview Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that reveals structures and organs located internally using high-intensity sound waves. It is also referred to as sonography or ultrasonography. A sonogram is an ultrasound picture. The sonographer is the specialist who conducts an ultrasound scan. The high-frequency sound waves used in ultrasound create real-time pictures and videoas… Read More »

Introduction Meningitis refers to a condition where the membranes of the brain and spinal cord become swollen. These delicate membranes are called meninges; therefore meningitis means inflammation of the meninges.  Key Data & Insights Meningitis presents a worldwide public health challenge. Causative agents include various micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. 1 in… Read More »