Background Information A biologically normal individual has 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 are autosomes and 1 pair consists of the sex chromosomes, which are XX in females and XY in males. In Down syndrome, a genetic condition, an individual is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21, making the total number 47 instead of… Read More »

Background Information Celiac disease which is also called celiac sprue is a chronic digestive and autoimmune condition that damages the small intestines leading to malabsorption of nutrients from food that is consumed orally. This can lead to nutritional deficiencies. It is triggered by consuming gluten, which is a protein found in grains such as rye,… Read More »

Overview FIBROMYALGIA is a chronic condition that is characterized by widespread body pain (chronic generalized musculoskeletal pain), fatigue, tenderness among other symptoms. Individuals with fibromyalgia exhibit increased sensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia). Despite not being an auto-immune condition, it can co-exist with disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis which is an auto-immune condition.   Facts & Figures… Read More »

Introduction BIPOLAR DISORDER is a mental health condition which causes changes in mood, concentration, energy and activity levels. Initially, it used to be called manic depression or manic-depressive illness. In bipolar disorder, manic and hypomanic episodes are the main signs of the condition along with presence of depressive episodes. Facts & Figures What are the… Read More »

Introduction Hyperthyroidism, also known as overactive thyroid, is a medical condition which occurs produces and releases high levels of thyroid hormones. It increases the rate at which metabolic process happen in the body, thereby affecting health of an individual in various ways. The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-like gland that is found in front… Read More »

Overview Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce and release adequate quantities of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. It leads to slow metabolic processes, gaining of weight and fatigue. The thyroid gland and its location It is a small gland shaped as a butterfly, located in… Read More »

Overview Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is also referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). it is a serious long-term condition that affects various systems in the human body. It is a form of fatigue that can last for 6 months or more. Feeling too much tired interferes with normal daily activities. In this condition, fatigue does… Read More »

Introduction Osteopenia refers to loss of bone density. Low bone density means that the bones do not have sufficient mineral content as they are supposed to. In the long run, they become weak and there is  an raised likelihood for bone fractures. Despite osteopenia referring to bone mineral density (BMD) lower than normal, it is… Read More »

Introduction CHEDIAK HIGASHI SYNDROME is a rare, autosomal genetic-recessive disorder with a very high mortality rate and that is characterized recurrent bacterial infections, easy bruising, oculocutaneous albinism among other signs and symptoms. This condition was first described by an individual called Beguez-Cesar. Then, discoveries were made about the maldistribution of myeloperoxidases in granules of neutrophils… Read More »